Obesity is excess fat in subcutaneous tissue, organs, and tissues. It is manifested by an increase in body weight of more than 20 percent of average values by adipose tissue. Obesity delivers psycho-physical discomfort, causes sexual disorders, diseases of spinal cord and joints. It increases the risk of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, kidney damage, liver, as well as disability and mortality from these diseases. Women are twice likely to develop obesity than men, a critical age for excess weight emergence is from 30 to 60 years.
Endocrinology deals not only with of obesity and methods of its combating. According to the WHO, obesity is a global epidemic of modern times, spanning millions of people around the world, regardless of professional, social, ethnic, geographic, gender and age groups. In the USA, 30% of the working population are obese and 25% are overweight.
Patients with obesity 2-3 times more suffer from hypertension, 3-4 times – angina and coronary heart disease than those with normal weight. Almost any disease, even such as ARVI, influenza, and pneumonia, in patients who are obese, last heavier, having a higher percentage of complications.
All Truth about Obese People
Now we are going to provide you with the most common facts about obesity and everything connected with it. They throw light on diabetes essence
Fact number 1: Obesity leads to Obesity
Regular overeating can lead to obesity, it is known for all. However, many people believe that it is necessary to return to healthy diet and body weight will come back to their original positions. This rule, to put it mildly, does not work for patients suffering from obesity. The longer the body weight exceeds the norm, the more difficult it becomes to get rid of extra kilos.
Obesity is a kind of self-progressing state. When weight loss, for example, in case of a successful diet the body automatically switched on numerous compensatory mechanisms aimed at returning to former weight – exactly to overweight. The human body itself begins to actively resist change, initiating the process of hormonal changes that occur as a result of hunger and slows metabolism.
The reason for this, in particular, is to reduce the level of leptin hormone, which is a signal for accumulating calories. People who are struggling with being overweight, have also to deal with their own physiology. At a certain stage of disease body switches on new mode, programmed to another weight class. The exact mechanisms that shift the balance of arrows, are still unknown and require further study.
Fact number 2: Some People are Genetically Predisposed to Obesity
Newborns may be at risk of developing obesity, as this disease is not always triggered by an unhealthy diet and a “lack of motivation”, sometimes obesity is a genetically predetermined condition. British researchers found that mutations in gene KSR2 can cause hunger attacks in obese patients, as well as slow down the metabolic processes. These findings may help to explain the increase in the incidence of childhood obesity over the past 30 years.
Another international study of childhood obesity has revealed two genes that are more common in obese children: the first – a variant of the gene OLFM4 the 13th chromosome, and the second – a variant of the gene HOXB5 the 17th chromosome. The functions of these genes are unknown, but it is assumed that they are performing a role in bowel habits because they can affect the bacterial population inhabiting it.
It turns out that while overeating lack of exercise contributes to obesity, yet some people are genetically predisposed to it. Perhaps this discovery will lead to the development of new pharmacological agents for obesity, capable of regulating the activity of “guilty genes”.
Fact Number 3: With Very Strong Obesity is Best to Go to Surgeon
Treatment of obesity can be different, but the choice should not depend on the individual patient’s wishes and indication. For example, if body mass index is of 30-39 diet and exercise do not help, your doctor may prescribe medications. When body mass index is of 40 times more bariatric surgery may be recommended. That is, longitudinal resection (removal of a part), gastric banding and other ways reduce the body’s “bandwidth”. In one large study, it was shown that such an operation has a strongly affected mortality of obese people: these patients had fewer strokes, heart attacks, cases of diabetes than among those who used non-surgical treatments. In other words, to treat obesity, especially it is necessary anti-diabetic means directed to suppress the “strongest” hormones. Such medications can be ordered at Canadian Health&Care Mall.
Fact Number 4: Obesity in Pregnant Women may Harm the Baby
British scientists suggest that health of pregnant woman and child may be at risk due to the excessive weight of mother’s body. Data Analysis of 110 thousand pregnant women in Scotland helped to establish that risk of complications during pregnancy increases with woman’s body mass index. We are talking primarily about high blood pressure and risk of developing gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy, dangerous for both mother and child). The study’s authors argue that currently struggle with overweight pregnant women has become a major issue of pregnancy in Britain.
Another study found a link between the presence of metabolic disorders in expectant mothers and developmental delays in children. In case of morbid obesity in pregnant, there is a risk of autism in children. Under morbid obesity it is understood chronic, genetically caused disease in which the body mass index is greater than 40, that is, it is exceeded by 45-50 percent of normal).
Fact Number 5: Slender People Have Bacteria in Intestine that Fight Obesity
Bacteria that live in intestines of slender people can become a new means for obesity overcoming. Several groups of scientists are trying to establish the role of these microorganisms in controlling weight. One study involved four sets of twins, each with one twin suffered from obesity, and the second was in a normal weight. They took samples of feces, carefully studied the bacterial composition and settle it to mice that did not have its own intestinal flora. The researchers found that the mouse who got the bacteria of slender twins was thin, and the mouse, who had twins bacteria obese started to gain weight.
Also recently, other researchers from the UK studied breath of people who are obese and found a special kind of intestinal bacteria that produce methane. Those study participants whose breath contain large amounts of methane suffered from excess weight. It is assumed that acting on a population of this type of bacteria can reduce the weight of the patient.
Fact Number 6: Sugar is Addictive
The addiction to fatty and sweet foods can turn into an addiction and lead to morphological changes in the brain tissue, similar to those that occur with prolonged use of drugs or alcohol. Leptin hormone, which regulates appetite, performs in the hypothalamus and in ventral brain region where dopamine neurons are located is responsible for feelings of pleasure. Because of changes in these areas dependence on alcohol, nicotine and drugs can develop. It now appears that regular abuse of sweet leads to loss of neurons sensitivity and formation of progressive, depending to achieve a sense of satiety and pleasure is becoming increasingly difficult. Although the study was conducted on rats, scientists believe that the same processes occur in the human brain.
Now, sugar will be called “the most dangerous drug of our time,” the scientists say. The head of the Health Service of Amsterdam (Netherlands) proposes to introduce restrictions on the content of sugar in foods and beverages, as well as glue on packaging prevention, both cigarette packs.
Fact Number 7: Obesity can be Contagious
Obesity can spread from person to person. Close friends who scored overweight may unwittingly follow the example of a complete human being. Scientists suggest that social bonds formed an idea of “normal” weight and forced to adapt to them. In a large study, it was established that weight is added, usually close friends of a man with obesity. For the neighbors of such an association it is not visible, and family members were exposed to “virus” of obesity, but to a lesser extent than close friends, whose chances to gain excess weight after a friend increased by 3 times. Harvard Medical School professor Nicholas Christakis, an author of the study, says that friendship is changing our perception and evaluation of fat people. When one of his close friends are obese, completeness does not seem inappropriate.
Fortunately, the same contagious effect is observed in the case of weight loss of close relatives and friends, the researchers note.
Fact Number 8: Lack of Sleep Leads to Overweight
Apparently, a good night’s sleep in sufficient volume is a protection against excess weight. More and more scientific evidence is a theory that a lack of sleep quantity provokes obesity development. For example, in course of long and large-scale study is conducted in the US and revealed that woman who was sleeping 7-8 hours a night were 15 percent less likely to gain excess weight when compared with those who slept 5 hours or less.
The researchers suggest that there are several reasons why lack of sleep affects weight.
- Raging hunger. Lack of sleep can affect the process of hormones production, awakening hunger feeling. In adults, blood, who slept less than the daily requirement, found higher levels of the hormone ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, and lowers levels of leptin which is responsible for satiety feeling.
- More time for food. People who are awake at night, have more time to meet increased appetite.
- Unhealthy food. Those who sleep little, often have as little time on the selection of healthy diet. In addition, the body needs more calories and enough sleep, such people often prefer high-calorie foods.
- Reduced physical activity. Lack of sleep leads to tiredness during the day and a reluctance to engage in sports.
Fact Number 9: Men Underestimate their Weight
Millions of men are subjected to their own health at risk without realizing one important thing: their weight is excessive. The study of British sociologists showed that men are twice likely to underestimate their weight, and therefore not aware of the diseases that may be associated with it. Of more than 300 thousand respondents almost every fourth incorrectly assessed their weight, with a tendency to understatement.
Women who participated in the survey, on the other hand, proved to be too insecure about their own weight. Only 8 percent of them are “underestimated”, while 27 percent identified themselves as a category higher than their actual performance (among men only 12 percent of those found).
These are the most widespread facts about diabetes selected by Canadian HealthCare Mall. Try to realize your problem correctly not to be involved in severe circumstances. Our medications as well will be useful for you when you will be trying to overcome this disorder.